Piwoz E G, Creed de Kanashiro H, Lopez de Romaña G L, Black R E, Brown K H
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Int J Epidemiol. 1996 Feb;25(1):103-14. doi: 10.1093/ije/25.1.103.
Data from a longitudinal study of 153 low-income Peruvian infants were used to assess the relationship between internationally-recommended definitions of feeding practices and infants' monthly weight gain and weight status at 12 months.
Infants were classified into feeding categories using monthly reported data. Analysis of variance was used to assess the relationship between reported usual feeding practices and growth. Reported breastfeeding practices were compared to observed breastfeeding practices and to weighted breast milk intakes to determine the validity of recommended breastfeeding definitions.
Breastfed infants who consumed non-human milks during the first month of life gained less weight during that month (P < 0.002) than exclusively and predominantly breastfed infants. Reported daily nursing frequency was associated with observed nursing frequency and breast milk energy intake (P < 0.05) for infants < 9 months old. Patterns of growth varied according to early diets. Infants who consumed breast milk and non-human milks and those who were fully weaned by 4 months were more likely to be underweight at 12 months than other infants. Infants classified as token breastfeeders ( < or = 3 times/24 hours) from 0 to 120 days had monthly gains that were similar to those of fully weaned infants.
Infants feeding definitions should 1) continue to differentiate exclusively breastfed infants from other infants who are almost exclusively or predominantly breastfed; 2) distinguish partially breastfed infants who consume only non-breastfeeding frequency or the % of their total daily energy that comes from breast milk.
一项对153名秘鲁低收入婴儿的纵向研究数据被用于评估国际推荐的喂养方式定义与婴儿每月体重增加以及12个月时体重状况之间的关系。
使用每月报告的数据将婴儿分类到不同的喂养类别中。采用方差分析来评估报告的通常喂养方式与生长之间的关系。将报告的母乳喂养方式与观察到的母乳喂养方式以及加权母乳摄入量进行比较，以确定推荐的母乳喂养定义的有效性。
在出生后第一个月食用非母乳的母乳喂养婴儿，该月体重增加比纯母乳喂养和主要母乳喂养的婴儿少（P < 0.002）。对于9个月以下的婴儿，报告的每日哺乳频率与观察到的哺乳频率以及母乳能量摄入量相关（P < 0.05）。生长模式因早期饮食而异。食用母乳和非母乳的婴儿以及在4个月时完全断奶的婴儿在12个月时比其他婴儿更有可能体重不足。在0至120天被归类为象征性母乳喂养者（≤3次/24小时）的婴儿，其每月体重增加与完全断奶婴儿相似。
婴儿喂养定义应该1）继续区分纯母乳喂养婴儿与其他几乎纯母乳喂养或主要母乳喂养的婴儿；2）区分仅以非母乳喂养频率或来自母乳的每日总能量百分比来界定的部分母乳喂养婴儿。
