Saugstad O D
Department of Pediatric Research, National Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Pediatrics. 1996 Jul;98(1):103-7.
This article reviews the biochemistry and function of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and xanthine oxidase (XO) as well as their role in hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. Possible benefits of XO blockade are discussed.
The available literature was reviewed.
It is evident that relatively high activities of XO are restricted to a few organs in man. Because positive effects of XO blockade with allopurinol have been reported even in organs containing relatively low activities of XO, two other possible favorable actions of allopurinol are mentioned. First it may act as an oxygen radical scavenger, and second, it may augment the adenine nucleotides and, hence, adenosine triphosphate concentration in the cell.
XDH and XO may play an important role in a series of pathophysiologic conditions. Their role in hypoxia-reoxygenation injury has been critically reviewed. However, care should be exercised in starting randomized trials to prevent hypoxia-reoxygenation injury with allopurinol, especially in newborn infants.
XDH and XO are released from the liver during hypoxic conditions, for instance, and consequently, they may reach a number of organs via the circulation.
本文综述黄嘌呤脱氢酶（XDH）和黄嘌呤氧化酶（XO）的生物化学特性、功能及其在缺氧-复氧损伤中的作用。探讨了抑制XO可能带来的益处。
对现有文献进行综述。
很明显，XO相对较高的活性在人类中仅限于少数器官。由于即使在XO活性相对较低的器官中也报道了用别嘌呤醇抑制XO的积极作用，因此提到了别嘌呤醇的另外两种可能的有益作用。其一，它可能作为氧自由基清除剂发挥作用；其二，它可能增加腺嘌呤核苷酸，从而增加细胞内三磷酸腺苷的浓度。
XDH和XO可能在一系列病理生理状况中起重要作用。对它们在缺氧-复氧损伤中的作用进行了严格审查。然而，在启动用别嘌呤醇预防缺氧-复氧损伤的随机试验时应谨慎，尤其是在新生儿中。
例如，在缺氧状态下，XDH和XO从肝脏释放，因此它们可能通过循环到达多个器官。
