Thompson E A, Neel J V
Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 1996 Feb;5(1):220-31. doi: 10.1006/mpev.1996.0015.
The data on the distribution and frequencies of private polymorphisms in the tribal populations of Central and South America are used to address the question of the extent to which such data can be used to address questions of phylogenetic history. It is shown that due to the great increases in population number that accompanied agricultural development, most private polymorphisms have arisen since population settlement and tribal differentiation. Conversely, the absence of Amerindian variants of wide distribution confirms the small size of the hemispheric population until relatively recent times. Patterns of recent population decline and recovery that accompanied European contact since 1492 have also had a strong impact on the age distribution of extant variants, eliminating many that were relatively young in 1492. The majority of surviving variants that have achieved polymorphic frequencies in a tribe or group of tribes are from 100 to 400 generations old (2500 to 10,000 years). Such genetic variants thus characterize tribes, or groups of closely related tribes, but do not provide a greater time depth of phylogenetic history.
中美洲和南美洲部落人群中私有多态性的分布和频率数据，被用于探讨这些数据在多大程度上可用于解决系统发育史问题。结果表明，由于伴随农业发展而来的人口大幅增长，大多数私有多态性是在人口定居和部落分化之后出现的。相反，广泛分布的美洲印第安变体的缺失证实了直到相对近代，半球人口规模都较小。自1492年以来与欧洲接触所伴随的近期人口下降和恢复模式，也对现存变体的年龄分布产生了强烈影响，消除了许多在1492年时相对年轻的变体。在一个部落或一组部落中达到多态频率的大多数存活变体有100到400代的历史（2500到10000年）。因此，这类基因变体表征了部落或密切相关的部落群体，但并未提供更深时间跨度的系统发育史。
