Smyth M M, Scholey K A
Department of Psychology, University of Lancaster, UK.
Br J Psychol. 1996 May;87 ( Pt 2):179-91. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1996.tb02584.x.
The number of verbal items which can be recalled immediately is related to the rate at which an individual can speak. Subvocal rehearsal, or articulatory recoding in working memory, has been assumed to mediate this relation. For spatial items recalled in order there is also a relationship with articulation rate, which is not related to verbal rehearsal of the items. One reason for this might be that the relationship is mediated by speed of memory scanning for serial position tags in a memory set, which is related to processing speed. Subjects were asked to perform visuospatial memory tasks which involved serial position and visuospatial memory tasks in which serial position was not involved. They also performed a digit span task. The results indicated that the visuospatial memory tasks were highly related, that they were only weakly related to digit span, and that articulation rate was correlated with every measure of memory performance used, whether serial position was involved or not. There is no support for the hypothesis that speed of scanning for serial position information in immediate spatial memory leads to a relationship with articulation rate, nor is there any support for the view that memory span tasks in different domains share resources for dealing with serial order. The results are discussed in relation to Cowan, Keller, Hulme, Roodenrys, McDougall & Rack's (1994) suggestion that the relationship between articulation rate and memory span may be mediated by general processing speed.
能够立即回忆起的言语项目数量与个体的说话速度有关。默读复述，即工作记忆中的发音编码，被认为是这种关系的中介。对于按顺序回忆的空间项目，其与发音速度也存在关系，这与项目的言语复述无关。造成这种情况的一个原因可能是，这种关系是由对记忆集中序列位置标签的记忆扫描速度所介导的，而这与处理速度有关。研究要求受试者执行涉及序列位置的视觉空间记忆任务以及不涉及序列位置的视觉空间记忆任务。他们还进行了数字广度任务。结果表明，视觉空间记忆任务之间高度相关，它们与数字广度的相关性较弱，并且发音速度与所使用的每项记忆表现指标都相关，无论是否涉及序列位置。对于即时空间记忆中扫描序列位置信息的速度导致与发音速度相关这一假设，没有得到支持，对于不同领域的记忆广度任务共享处理序列顺序资源的观点，也没有得到支持。研究结果结合考恩、凯勒、休姆、鲁登里斯、麦克杜格尔和拉克（1994年）的建议进行了讨论，该建议认为发音速度与记忆广度之间的关系可能由一般处理速度所介导。
