Mossad S B, Macknin M L, Medendorp S V, Mason P
Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio, USA.
Ann Intern Med. 1996 Jul 15;125(2):81-8. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-125-2-199607150-00001.
The common cold is one of the most frequent human illnesses and is responsible for substantial morbidity and economic loss. No consistently effective therapy for the common cold has been well documented, but evidence suggests that several possible mechanisms may make zinc an effective treatment.
To test the efficacy of zinc gluconate lozenges in reducing the duration of symptoms caused by the common cold.
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Outpatient department of a large tertiary care center.
100 employees of the Cleveland Clinic who developed symptoms of the common cold within 24 hours before enrollment.
Patients in the zinc group (n = 50) received lozenges (one lozenge every 2 hours while awake) containing 13.3 mg of zinc from zinc gluconate as long as they had cold symptoms. Patients in the placebo group (n = 50) received similarly administered lozenges that contained 5% calcium lactate pentahydrate instead of zinc gluconate.
Subjective daily symptom scores for cough, headache, hoarseness, muscle ache, nasal drainage, nasal congestion, scratchy throat, sore throat, sneezing, and fever (assessed by oral temperature).
The time to complete resolution of symptoms was significantly shorter in the zinc group than in the placebo group (median, 4.4 days compared with 7.6 days; P < 0.001). The zinc group had significantly fewer days with coughing (median, 2.0 days compared with 4.5 days; P = 0.04), headache (2.0 days and 3.0 days; P = 0.02), hoarseness (2.0 days and 3.0 days; P = 0.02), nasal congestion (4.0 days and 6.0 days; P = 0.002), nasal drainage (4.0 days and 7.0 days; P < 0.001), and sore throat (1.0 day and 3.0 days; P < 0.001). The groups did not differ significantly in the resolution of fever, muscle ache, scratchy throat, or sneezing. More patients in the zinc group than in the placebo group had side effects (90% compared with 62%; P < 0.001), nausea (20% compared with 4%; P = 0.02), and bad-taste reactions (80% compared with 30%; P < 0.001),
Zinc gluconate in the form and dosage studied significantly reduced the duration of symptoms of the common cold. The mechanism of action of this substance in treating the common cold remains unknown. Individual patients must decide whether the possible beneficial effects of zinc gluconate on cold symptoms outweigh the possible adverse effects.
普通感冒是人类最常见的疾病之一，会导致大量发病和经济损失。目前尚无充分记录显示有始终有效的普通感冒治疗方法，但有证据表明几种可能的机制或许能使锌成为一种有效的治疗手段。
测试葡萄糖酸锌含片在缩短普通感冒所致症状持续时间方面的疗效。
随机、双盲、安慰剂对照研究。
一家大型三级护理中心的门诊部。
100名克利夫兰诊所的员工，他们在入组前24小时内出现了普通感冒症状。
锌组（n = 50）患者只要有感冒症状，就服用含13.3毫克葡萄糖酸锌锌的含片（醒着时每2小时一片）。安慰剂组（n = 50）患者服用同样服用方式的含片，其中含有5%的五水乳酸钙而非葡萄糖酸锌。
咳嗽、头痛、声音嘶哑、肌肉疼痛、流鼻涕、鼻塞、喉咙发痒、喉咙痛、打喷嚏和发热（通过口腔温度评估）的每日主观症状评分。
锌组症状完全缓解的时间显著短于安慰剂组（中位数，4.4天对比7.6天；P < 0.001）。锌组咳嗽的天数显著更少（中位数，2.0天对比4.5天；P = 0.04）、头痛（2.0天和3.0天；P = 0.02）、声音嘶哑（2.0天和3.0天；P = 0.02）、鼻塞（4.0天和6.0天；P = 0.002）、流鼻涕（4.0天和7.0天；P < 0.001）以及喉咙痛（1.0天和3.0天；P < 0.001）。两组在发热、肌肉疼痛、喉咙发痒或打喷嚏的缓解方面无显著差异。锌组出现副作用的患者比安慰剂组更多（90%对比62%；P < 0.001），恶心（20%对比4%；P = 0.02）以及味觉不良反应（80%对比30%；P < 0.001）。
所研究形式和剂量的葡萄糖酸锌显著缩短了普通感冒症状的持续时间。该物质治疗普通感冒的作用机制尚不清楚。个体患者必须自行决定葡萄糖酸锌对感冒症状可能的有益效果是否超过可能的不良反应。
