Verbanck P M
Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et Alcoologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
Alcohol Alcohol. 1995 Nov;30(6):757-64.
Recent advances in the understanding of the neurobiological basis of alcohol dependence have led to the development of pharmacological agents for the treatment of drinking problems. However, alcoholism is a complex disease with psychological and social dimensions in addition to medical problems. This implies that, in this domain, pharmacotherapy must be integrated in a general strategy of treatment and directed to specific aspects of management of the disease, such as treatment or prevention of the withdrawal syndrome or prevention of relapse after detoxification. Whereas the treatment of the withdrawal syndrome with pharmacological agents such as the benzodiazepines is now an established practice, the use of drugs for other dimensions of the disease is more controversial. However, the pharmacological approach aimed towards prevention of relapse appears promising, by means of classical medications such as disulfiram or new drugs (e.g. opiate antagonists and acamprosate). The clinical evaluation of such medications requires guidelines that will permit extrapolation of the results of the trials to situations that are commonly faced by practitioners.
对酒精依赖神经生物学基础认识的最新进展，已促使用于治疗饮酒问题的药物制剂得以开发。然而，酒精中毒是一种复杂的疾病，除了医学问题外，还涉及心理和社会层面。这意味着，在该领域，药物治疗必须融入综合治疗策略，并针对该疾病管理的特定方面，如治疗或预防戒断综合征，或预防解毒后的复发。虽然使用苯二氮䓬类等药物治疗戒断综合征目前已成为既定做法，但将药物用于该疾病其他层面的做法则更具争议性。然而，通过诸如双硫仑等传统药物或新药（如阿片类拮抗剂和阿坎酸）来预防复发的药理学方法似乎很有前景。对此类药物的临床评估需要相关指南，以便将试验结果外推至从业者通常面临的情况。
