Walker R D, Howard M O, Walker P S, Lambert M D, Maloy F, Suchinsky R T
DATSEP, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.
J Clin Psychol. 1996 Jan;52(1):80-95. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199601)52:1<80::AID-JCLP11>3.0.CO;2-I.
Methodological characteristics and substantive findings of investigations of essential and reactive alcoholics were reviewed. The data base was comprised of approximately 12 studies published between 1951-1992, most of which employed small samples of hospitalized male alcoholics. Psychometric properties of the Essential-Reactive Alcoholism Questionnaire, the instrument generally used to assess the essential-reactive dimensions, rarely were examined. The weight of the evidence suggests that essential alcoholics have earlier onset and greater severity of alcoholism, lower levels of occupational and educational achievement, more interpersonal conflict, fewer long-term friendships, more antisocial attitudes and conduct, greater density of familial alcoholism, more impaired neuropsychological functioning, and lower resting blood pressure than do reactive alcoholics. Research is needed to assess the prognostic utility of the essential-reactive typology and the degree to which the distinction may facilitate patient-treatment matching.
对原发性和反应性酗酒者调查的方法学特征及实质性研究结果进行了综述。数据库由1951年至1992年间发表的约12项研究组成，其中大部分研究采用的是住院男性酗酒者的小样本。原发性-反应性酗酒问卷是通常用于评估原发性-反应性维度的工具，其心理测量特性很少被检验。现有证据表明，与反应性酗酒者相比，原发性酗酒者的酗酒发病更早、病情更严重，职业和教育成就水平更低，人际冲突更多，长期友谊更少，反社会态度和行为更多，家族酗酒密度更高，神经心理功能受损更严重，静息血压更低。需要开展研究以评估原发性-反应性类型学的预后效用，以及这种区分在多大程度上有助于患者与治疗的匹配。
