Junginger J
Department of Psychology, SUNY-Binghamton 13902-6000, USA.
Schizophr Bull. 1996;22(1):91-103. doi: 10.1093/schbul/22.1.91.
There has been a great deal of debate about the dangers psychiatric patients pose to the general population. Recent studies appear to confirm a moderate but reliable association between mental illness and violence. The nature of this association, however, is unresolved. Considerable evidence suggests that much of the violent behavior observed in the mentally ill is not random but is motivated and directed by psychotic symptoms. In many cases, the behavior appears to be a predictable and in some ways rational response to irrational beliefs (delusions) and perceptions (hallucinations). The content and themes of a psychotic patient's delusion or hallucination often imply a specific course of violent action. Unlike studies of associations between violence and broad categories of subject characteristics (e.g., mental illness), an analysis of the association between violence and the content and themes of psychotic symptoms could be much more informative. Conceivably, such an analysis could identify not only psychiatric patients at risk for committing violence but also those individuals who are at risk for becoming targets of their violence.
关于精神病患者对普通人群构成的危险，一直存在大量争论。近期研究似乎证实了精神疾病与暴力之间存在适度但可靠的关联。然而，这种关联的性质尚未明确。大量证据表明，在精神病患者中观察到的许多暴力行为并非随机发生，而是由精神病症状所激发和引导的。在许多情况下，这种行为似乎是对非理性信念（妄想）和感知（幻觉）的一种可预测且在某些方面合理的反应。精神病患者妄想或幻觉的内容和主题往往暗示着特定的暴力行为过程。与对暴力与广泛类别的主体特征（如精神疾病）之间关联的研究不同，对暴力与精神病症状的内容和主题之间关联的分析可能会提供更多信息。可以想象，这样的分析不仅可以识别出有实施暴力风险的精神病患者，还能识别出那些有可能成为其暴力目标的个体。
