Kallert T W
Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Unversitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technischen Universität Dresden.
Schweiz Arch Neurol Psychiatr (1985). 1996;147(1):4-11.
This literature review concentrates on a disregarded part of depressive disorders' symptomatology (especially concerning present-day classifications of mental disorders) that can be approached with a great number of experimental procedures. From the acoustical field the following findings are demonstrated and discussed: elevated click thresholds in auditory signal detection, changed ear asymmetry in dichotic click detection and differences in dichotic listening asymmetries according to symptomatology. The most important results from the so far investigated optical perceptual disturbances in depressive disorders are: breakdown of perceptual defence in the form of greater access to emotionally unpleasant stimuli referring to the tachistoscopic recognition of neutral/unpleasant words, impairments at near-distance assessments, disturbances in recognition and discrimination of facial emotions-especially concerning the perception of emotional chimeric faces. Interpretational attempts for these acoustical and optical disturbances of perception reach from developmental psychology to biological psychiatry. Changes in hemisphere functions hold the dominating position in this discussion. Up to now it remains open to what extent the reported results correlate with the clinical phenomenology of depressive disorders, of what diagnostic specifity they are and if the can be viewed with sufficient reliability as state marker and indicators for theraopeutical effects.
本综述聚焦于抑郁症症状学中一个被忽视的部分（尤其是关于当今精神障碍分类方面），这部分内容可以通过大量实验程序进行研究。从声学领域展示并讨论了以下发现：听觉信号检测中咔哒声阈值升高、双耳咔哒声检测中双耳不对称性改变以及根据症状学表现出的双耳听力不对称差异。到目前为止，在抑郁症中所研究的视觉感知障碍的最重要结果有：以对情绪不愉快刺激有更大的接受度这种形式表现出的感知防御瓦解，这涉及对中性/不愉快词语的速示器识别、近距离评估受损、面部情绪识别和辨别障碍——尤其是关于情绪嵌合面孔的感知。对这些声学和视觉感知障碍的解释尝试涵盖了从发展心理学到生物精神病学的范畴。半球功能的变化在这一讨论中占据主导地位。到目前为止，所报告的结果在多大程度上与抑郁症的临床现象学相关、它们具有何种诊断特异性以及是否可以足够可靠地被视为治疗效果的状态标志物和指标，这些问题仍未明确。
