Moll K D, Tihansky D P
Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1977 Apr;38(4):153-61. doi: 10.1080/0002889778507931.
This study develops a decision method for evaluating the social acceptability of industrial controls on hazardous materials. Decisions are based on a "multiple criteria approach" that jointly considers measures such as risk-benefit tradeoff, minimum reducible health risk, maximum acceptable cost and implicit value of human life. Health risks are calculated by combining separate estimates of production and usage patterns, emissions to air and water, effectiveness of controls, pollutant dispersion and human susceptibility. Economic benefits consider employment, trade and consumer impacts, as well as direct costs of controls. The analysis focuses on asbestos as an example hazard. Relative values of hazard reduction alternatives are examined for asbestos manufacturing exhaust filters and for asbestos substitutes in brake linings. Preliminary calculations indicate risk reductions of these alternatives cannot justify their social costs.
本研究开发了一种用于评估工业对有害物质控制的社会可接受性的决策方法。决策基于一种“多标准方法”，该方法联合考虑了诸如风险-收益权衡、可最小化的健康风险、最大可接受成本以及人类生命的隐含价值等措施。通过结合对生产和使用模式、空气和水排放、控制效果、污染物扩散以及人类易感性的单独估计来计算健康风险。经济效益考虑就业、贸易和消费者影响以及控制的直接成本。分析以石棉作为示例危害展开。针对石棉制造排气过滤器和制动衬片中的石棉替代品，研究了减少危害替代方案的相对价值。初步计算表明，这些替代方案所降低的风险无法证明其社会成本的合理性。
