Jaffrey S R, Snyder S H
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 1995;11:417-40. doi: 10.1146/annurev.cb.11.110195.002221.
Nitric oxide (NO) is a messenger molecule that is now a well established neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous systems. NO was initially characterized as the "endothelium-derived relaxation factor" and subsequently found to mediate the elevation in cGMP following glutamatergic stimulation in the nervous system. Pharmacological and immunohistochemical data suggest numerous roles for NO throughout the body. NO knockout mice have demonstrated that NO is essential in behavioral and autonomic function. NO also appears to have neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects and may have a role in the pathogenesis of stroke and other neurodegenerative disorders.
一氧化氮（NO）是一种信使分子，现已成为中枢和外周神经系统中公认的神经递质。NO最初被表征为“内皮衍生舒张因子”，随后发现它在神经系统中谷氨酸能刺激后介导cGMP升高。药理学和免疫组织化学数据表明NO在全身具有多种作用。NO基因敲除小鼠已证明NO在行为和自主功能中至关重要。NO似乎还具有神经毒性和神经保护作用，可能在中风和其他神经退行性疾病的发病机制中起作用。
