Yun H Y, Dawson V L, Dawson T M
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
Crit Rev Neurobiol. 1996;10(3-4):291-316. doi: 10.1615/critrevneurobiol.v10.i3-4.20.
Nitric oxide is a ubiquitous and unique biological messenger molecule. It mediates blood vessel relaxation by endothelium, immune function of macrophages, and neurotransmission of central and peripheral nervous systems. Endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthases are constitutively expressed and activated by calcium entry into cells, whereas the macrophage nitric oxide synthase is inducible with new RNA and protein synthesis upon immune stimulation. Nitric oxide may play a role in the neurotransmitter release, neural development, synaptic plasticity, and regulation of gene expression. Excessive production of nitric oxide is neurotoxic and is implicated in a variety of neurological disorders.
一氧化氮是一种普遍存在且独特的生物信使分子。它介导血管内皮舒张、巨噬细胞的免疫功能以及中枢和外周神经系统的神经传递。内皮型和神经元型一氧化氮合酶组成性表达，并通过钙离子进入细胞而激活，而巨噬细胞一氧化氮合酶在免疫刺激后可通过新的RNA和蛋白质合成被诱导。一氧化氮可能在神经递质释放、神经发育、突触可塑性和基因表达调控中发挥作用。一氧化氮的过量产生具有神经毒性，并与多种神经系统疾病有关。
