King D L, Robinson E L, Roberts T R
Department of Psychology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
Psychol Res. 1996;59(1):4-15. doi: 10.1007/BF00419830.
This study tested the theory that a context-produced increase in visibility of a target is due to its assimilation in visibility to the context. A context + target and a context are discriminated better than are a target and background. This occurs for two different context + targets in which the context is a solid line and the target is a dotted line. But it does not occur when solid lines replace these dotted lines. The dotted lines are much less visible than the solid lines. Therefore, the dotted lines increase in similarity in visibility to the solid lines, which is assimilation, but for visibility, rather than for a typical part. Assimilation does not occur between perceptually equal parts. Consequently, the reason why the two context + targets with only solid lines do not result in increases in visibility may be that these lines are sufficiently equal in visibility that assimilation in visibility is precluded. So, the theory is supported. This theory is consistent with evidence that one group (phenomenal whole) is associated with both assimilation and an increase in visibility. Accordingly, a stimulus with a relatively large distance between its solid and dotted lines is apprehended as a relatively weak group, and does not result in an increase in visibility.
本研究检验了这样一种理论，即情境导致目标可见性增加是由于目标在可见性方面与情境同化。与目标和背景相比，情境+目标与情境之间的区分度更高。对于两种不同的情境+目标（其中情境为实线，目标为虚线）来说都是如此。但当实线取代这些虚线时，这种情况就不会发生。虚线的可见性远低于实线。因此，虚线在可见性方面与实线的相似度增加，这就是同化，但对于可见性而言，而非对于典型部分。同化不会发生在感知上相等的部分之间。因此，两个仅由实线组成的情境+目标不会导致可见性增加的原因可能是这些线在可见性上足够相等，从而排除了可见性方面的同化。所以，该理论得到了支持。这一理论与这样的证据一致，即一组（现象整体）与同化和可见性增加都相关。相应地，实线和虚线之间距离相对较大的刺激被视为相对较弱的一组，不会导致可见性增加。
