Kozhedub R G, Zaĭchenko M I, Raĭgorodskiĭ Iu V, Pavlik V D, Iakupova L P, Mikhaĭlova N G
Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova. 1996 Jan-Feb;46(1):146-56.
Simultaneous impulse activity of pairs of neurons in hypothalamus was analysed in different natural functional states of rats (hunger, satiation after food deprivation, cry of a victim) and those induced by electrical stimulation of the emotionally positive (lateral hypothalamus, lateral preoptic area) and negative (dorso-medial tegmentum) reinforcing hypothalamic structures. Two classes of neurons were separated according to the pattern of their activity determined by the motivational state or reinforcement. Characteristic features were revealed in the patterns of conjugate activity of the functionally identified neurons. They were determined by the dominance of motivational or emotional component in the behaviour of an animal and manifested in a specificity of temporal delays in impulsation of one of the neurons in respect to the other one, in magnitude and number of positive and negative correlations. The results suggest the different ways of realization of the motivational and reinforcing hypothalamic influences mediated by the neurons of the motivational and reinforcing systems, on the cortical processes at different stages of learning which also differ in the balance between the motivational and emotional components of the animal behaviour.
在大鼠的不同自然功能状态（饥饿、禁食后饱足、受害者的叫声）以及由电刺激下丘脑的情绪积极（外侧下丘脑、外侧视前区）和消极（背内侧被盖）强化结构所诱导的状态下，分析了下丘脑神经元对的同步冲动活动。根据由动机状态或强化所决定的活动模式，将两类神经元区分开来。在功能确定的神经元的共轭活动模式中揭示了特征。它们由动物行为中动机或情绪成分的主导作用所决定，并表现为一个神经元相对于另一个神经元冲动的时间延迟的特异性，以及正相关和负相关的大小和数量。结果表明，动机和强化系统的神经元介导的下丘脑动机和强化影响，在学习的不同阶段以不同方式作用于皮层过程，而这些阶段在动物行为的动机和情绪成分之间的平衡方面也有所不同。
