Management of unstable angina in patients over 75 years old.

BACKGROUND

Although there have been reports of successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in elderly patients, few data are available on the optimal management of unstable angina in such patients. This study was therefore designed to identify the preferred revascularization strategy in patients with unstable angina over 75 years of age.

METHODS

Early and late results were evaluated for patients over 75 years with unstable angina undergoing PTCA (n = 51) or CABG (n = 53). The two groups were comparable with respect to age, sex distribution, clinical manifestation of symptoms, left ventricular ejection fraction and accompanying non-cardiac diseases. In the CABG group, significantly more patients had left main coronary artery stenosis (13 and 2%, respectively).

RESULTS

Both PTCA and CABG treatment showed similar procedural success rates (91 and 94% respectively) and hospital mortality rates (4 and 6% respectively). Procedural complications were comparable regarding Q-wave myocardial infarction, stroke, renal failure and vascular complications. Patients undergoing CABG received significantly more blood transfusions than those undergoing PTCA (17 and 2% respectively). During follow-up, the mortality rate was comparable in both groups (4% with CABG and 8% with PTCA), but significantly fewer patients in the CABG group developed unstable angina (8 versus 21% in the PTCA group), fewer patients were readmitted to hospital for cardiac reasons (CABG group 17%, PTCA group 31%) and fewer patients needed repeat coronary interventions (CABG group 4%, PTCA group 18%).

CONCLUSION

Both PTCA and CABG were comparable with regard to short- and long-term mortality, but CABG treatment was favourable with regard to clinical symptoms, readmission to hospital and repeat coronary interventions.