Fustinoni S, Buratti M, Giampiccolo R, Pulvirenti S, Colombi A
Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Milano.
Med Lav. 1996 Jan-Feb;87(1):63-75.
A gas chromatographic procedure with dynamic head-space purge and trap preconcentration (HSGC) and FID detection for blood and urinary benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) determination at low level exposure is described. Critical steps (sample collection, calibration, HSGC conditions, contamination control) are discussed. The calibration curve is linear in the range 50 ng/l-500 micrograms/l; the calculated detection limit is 50 ng/l for all the considered aromatic hydrocarbons (AH) both in blood and urine; the within-day precision, calculated as variation coefficient (CV) at 400 ng/l and 40 micrograms/l (n = 6) was respectively CV = 13% and CV = 6% for all the studied analytes. The recovery rate was in the range 29-70%, depending on the hydrocarbon and matrix (blood or urine) considered. The procedure was applied to the biological monitoring of 151 workers occupationally or environmentally exposed to BTEX. Occupationally exposed subjects showed blood AH levels of 2-4 order of magnitude higher than environmentally exposed subjects. In white-collar workers exposed to BTEX urban pollution a significant difference in blood and urine levels of AH was observed between nonsmokers and smokers. Nonsmokers showed blood AH median values of respectively benzene = 241 ng/l, toluene = 759 ng/l, ethylbenzene = 140 ng/l, xylenes = 604 ng/l. Significatively higher BTEX blood values were observed in smokers after a median consumption of 5 cigarettes in 5 hours; observed median values were respectively: benzene = 365 ng/l toluene = 1327 ng/l, ethylbenzene = 233 ng/l, xylenes = 794 ng/l.
描述了一种采用动态顶空吹扫捕集预浓缩（HSGC）和FID检测的气相色谱法，用于测定低水平暴露情况下血液和尿液中的苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯（BTEX）。讨论了关键步骤（样品采集、校准、HSGC条件、污染控制）。校准曲线在50 ng/l - 500微克/升范围内呈线性；计算得出的所有所考虑的芳香烃（AH）在血液和尿液中的检测限均为50 ng/l；在400 ng/l和40微克/升（n = 6）时，以变异系数（CV）计算的日内精密度，所有研究分析物分别为CV = 13%和CV = 6%。回收率在29% - 70%范围内，具体取决于所考虑的碳氢化合物和基质（血液或尿液）。该方法应用于151名职业或环境暴露于BTEX的工人的生物监测。职业暴露受试者的血液AH水平比环境暴露受试者高2 - 4个数量级。在暴露于城市BTEX污染的白领工人中，观察到非吸烟者和吸烟者的血液和尿液中AH水平存在显著差异。非吸烟者血液中AH的中位数分别为：苯 = 241 ng/l，甲苯 = 759 ng/l, 乙苯 = 140 ng/l，二甲苯 = 604 ng/l。在5小时内中位数消耗5支香烟的吸烟者中观察到显著更高的BTEX血液值；观察到的中位数分别为：苯 = 365 ng/l，甲苯 = 1327 ng/l，乙苯 = 233 ng/l，二甲苯 = 794 ng/l。
