Varcoe C
University of British Columbia School of Nursing, Vancouver, Canada.
J Adv Nurs. 1996 Jan;23(1):120-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1996.tb03144.x.
The nursing process has achieved predominance, if not pre-eminence, in nursing. Concurrent with critical scholarly evaluation of the philosophical foundations of nursing, vigorous critiques of the nursing process have emerged. The critiques are wide-ranging and varied, and question the philosophical commitments, stage of development, components, focus and consequences of using the nursing process. However, the arguments are marred by dualistic dichotomous thinking and a lack of definitional clarity. The critiques fail to discriminate between questions arising from the administrative implementation of the nursing process and questions regarding its theoretical value. Clarification of the definition, description and purpose of the nursing process is essential to rigorous critique and to further development. Given the pervasive use of the nursing process and the need for process theory in nursing, it seems most productive to develop the nursing process more fully and in congruence with contemporary philosophies of nursing.
护理程序在护理领域即便没有占据卓越地位，也已取得了主导地位。在对护理哲学基础进行严谨学术评估的同时，对护理程序的有力批判也应运而生。这些批判范围广泛且各不相同，对使用护理程序的哲学承诺、发展阶段、组成部分、重点及后果提出了质疑。然而，这些论点因二元对立思维和定义不清晰而存在缺陷。这些批判未能区分护理程序行政实施中产生的问题与关于其理论价值的问题。明确护理程序的定义、描述和目的对于严谨的批判及进一步发展至关重要。鉴于护理程序的广泛应用以及护理领域对程序理论的需求，更全面地发展护理程序并使其与当代护理哲学相一致似乎最具成效。
