Meleis A I, Douglas M K, Eribes C, Shih F, Messias D K
Department of Mental Health, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0608, USA.
J Adv Nurs. 1996 Jan;23(1):82-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1996.tb03139.x.
This study was designed to explore the daily lived experiences of a group of employed, low-income Mexican women in their maternal and spousal roles. The participants were 41 auxiliary nurses recruited from two large urban hospitals in Mexico. Data were collected through the Women's Roles Interview Protocol (WRIP), which solicited the participants' perceptions of the satisfaction and stresses they experienced in their roles as mothers and spouses, and their descriptions of the coping strategies and the resources they used to deal with stressful life experiences related to these roles. Data analysis consisted of a qualitative thematic analysis of the narrative responses to open-ended questions in the WRIP. Satisfying aspects of the maternal and spousal roles, as identified by the participants, included giving to and receiving from their children and being valued and supported by their partners. Spousal approval of their work was also satisfying. These employed mothers, however, experienced many stressful aspects of functioning in multiple roles, including lack of resources, being absent from their children, self-doubt about their maternal role functioning, role overload and spousal absences. The women coped by juggling priorities and utilizing family resources. From the data analysis, the investigators developed a conceptual framework for understanding these women's experiences with parenting and marriage. The centrality of the family, a sense of value and empowerment as women in maternal and spousal roles, and the reality of role overload are discussed within the Mexican culture context of machismo, its female counterpart hembrismo, and family life. Implications for women's health are framed within a context of family and work.
本研究旨在探索一群就业的低收入墨西哥女性在其母亲和配偶角色中的日常生活经历。参与者是从墨西哥两家大型城市医院招募的41名辅助护士。数据通过《女性角色访谈协议》（WRIP）收集，该协议征求了参与者对她们在母亲和配偶角色中所体验到的满意度和压力的看法，以及她们对应对策略和用于处理与这些角色相关的压力性生活经历的资源的描述。数据分析包括对WRIP中开放式问题的叙述性回答进行定性主题分析。参与者所确定的母亲和配偶角色中令人满意的方面包括给予孩子和从孩子那里得到、得到伴侣的重视和支持。配偶对她们工作的认可也令人满意。然而，这些职业母亲在扮演多种角色时经历了许多压力方面，包括资源匮乏、缺席孩子的生活、对自己母亲角色功能的自我怀疑、角色过载和配偶缺席。这些女性通过兼顾优先事项和利用家庭资源来应对。通过数据分析，研究人员构建了一个概念框架来理解这些女性在育儿和婚姻方面的经历。在大男子主义、其女性对应概念女性主义以及家庭生活的墨西哥文化背景下，讨论了家庭的核心地位、女性作为母亲和配偶角色时的价值感和赋权感以及角色过载的现实情况。对女性健康的影响是在家庭和工作的背景下阐述的。
