Price R W
Department of Neurology, San Francisco General Hospital, CA 94110-3518, USA.
Lancet. 1996 Aug 17;348(9025):445-52. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)11035-6.
Neurological complications of HIV infection cause considerable morbidity and are often associated with high mortality. These complications include not only the more common opportunistic diseases affecting the brain (cerebral toxoplasmosis, primary central nervous system lymphoma, progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy, and cryptococcal meningitis) but also the AIDS dementia complex, with its characteristic cognitive and motor dysfunction, which is caused by HIV itself. Additionally, the peripheral nervous system is the target of several disorders, including a common painful neuropathy. Because these and other, less common, central and peripheral nervous system complications of HIV can often be specifically treated or effectively palliated, their accurate and timely diagnosis is important.
HIV感染的神经系统并发症会导致相当高的发病率，且常与高死亡率相关。这些并发症不仅包括影响大脑的较常见的机会性疾病（脑弓形虫病、原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤、进行性多灶性白质脑病和隐球菌性脑膜炎），还包括由HIV本身引起的具有特征性认知和运动功能障碍的艾滋病痴呆综合征。此外，外周神经系统也是多种疾病的靶点，包括常见的疼痛性神经病变。由于HIV的这些以及其他不太常见的中枢和外周神经系统并发症通常可以得到特异性治疗或有效缓解，因此准确、及时的诊断很重要。
