Cozad J
Huntington Beach Community Clinic, Calif., USA.
Nurse Pract. 1996 Mar;21(3):14-6, 23, 27-8.
Infectious mononucleosis is an acute, self-limiting, nonneoplastic lymphoreticular proliferative disorder characterized by peripheral lymphocytosis and circulating atypical lymphocytes. Epstein-Barr virus is the causative agent in 90% of cases. Highest incidence is in the 15- to 25-year-old age-group, with 1% to 3% of all college students in the United States affected each year. Clinical manifestations vary according to age at presentation. Incubation period is 4 to 7 weeks. Diagnosis is primarily made with the monospot test but may include throat culture and complete blood count with differential. Cytomegalovirus and human immunodeficiency virus are among the many other conditions that may present initially as infectious mononucleosis. Treatment is supportive with prevention of complications as the goal; good personal hygiene and avoidance of contact sports should be stressed.
传染性单核细胞增多症是一种急性、自限性、非肿瘤性淋巴网状组织增生性疾病，其特征为外周淋巴细胞增多和循环中的异型淋巴细胞。90%的病例由EB病毒引起。发病率最高的是15至25岁年龄组，美国每年有1%至3%的大学生受影响。临床表现因发病时的年龄而异。潜伏期为4至7周。诊断主要依靠嗜异性凝集试验，但可能包括咽拭子培养和全血细胞计数及分类。巨细胞病毒和人类免疫缺陷病毒等许多其他疾病最初可能表现为传染性单核细胞增多症。治疗以预防并发症为目标进行支持治疗；应强调良好的个人卫生习惯并避免接触性运动。
