Greenfield L J, Zocco J, Wilk J, Schroeder T M, Elkins R C
Ann Surg. 1977 Jun;185(6):692-8. doi: 10.1097/00000658-197706000-00012.
Over a four year period in two institutions, 85 Kim-Ray Greenfield vena caval filters were inserted in 76 patients who have been followed for a minimum of 6 to 53 months. The most frequent indication for placement was pulmonary embolism during anticoagulant therapy. Both femoral and jugular routes were used for transvenous insertion, and fewer complications were associated with the jugular approach. Surgical mortality within two weeks of operation occurred in three patients (4%), none from recurrent embolism. Late complications included recurrent thrombophlebitis in 7% and persistent extremity edema in 12% of patients. Two patients developed recurrent embolism (2.6%) which also was seen in 2 patients after clips were placed on the vena cava above the filter after misplacement. Venacavagrams in 31 patients an average of 11 months postoperative showed patency in 30 (97%) and lysis of trapped thrombi in four patients. No episodes of migration have occurred and the filter offers the advantages of sustained patency and effective filtration without vena caval occlusion.
在两家机构的四年时间里，为76例患者植入了85枚金雷-格林菲尔德腔静脉滤器，并对这些患者进行了至少6至53个月的随访。放置滤器最常见的指征是抗凝治疗期间发生的肺栓塞。经静脉插入滤器时采用了股静脉和颈静脉两种途径，颈静脉途径相关并发症较少。术后两周内有3例患者（4%）发生手术死亡，均非复发性栓塞所致。晚期并发症包括7%的患者出现复发性血栓性静脉炎，12%的患者出现持续性肢体水肿。有2例患者发生复发性栓塞（2.6%），滤器误置后在腔静脉滤器上方放置夹子的2例患者中也出现了这种情况。31例患者术后平均11个月进行的腔静脉造影显示，30例（97%）腔静脉通畅，4例患者的被困血栓溶解。未发生滤器移位事件，该滤器具有持续通畅、有效过滤且不导致腔静脉阻塞的优点。
