Kanzaki T, Setoyama M, Katahira Y
Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Faculty of Medicine, Japan.
Australas J Dermatol. 1996 May;37 Suppl 1:S20-2. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-0960.1996.tb01073.x.
Human T lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus which infects T lymphocytes (CD4+) to cause adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL), tropical spastic para-paresis and several other HTLV-1 associated disorders. ATL has been reported worldwide but areas of high incidence include Japan (particularly the south-west), Central and South America, northern Iran, West and Central Africa and Melanesia. In the general Japanese population, HTLV-1 carriage is 0.1% but this can be as high as 50% in endemic areas. Six per 10000 carriers are estimated to progress to ATL each year. The three major routes of infection are mother to baby through breast-feeding, sexual intercourse and blood transfusion. There is a lengthy latency period of up to 40 years before the development of ATL. Up to 50% of ATL patients present with a cutaneous eruption. Diagnosis is established by the detection in lymphocytes of monoclonal integration of HTLV-1 proviral DNA. Even with aggressive treatment, ATL patients generally have a poor prognosis.
人类嗜T淋巴细胞病毒1型（HTLV-1）是一种逆转录病毒，可感染T淋巴细胞（CD4+），导致成人T细胞白血病/淋巴瘤（ATL）、热带痉挛性截瘫以及其他几种与HTLV-1相关的疾病。ATL在全球均有报道，但高发地区包括日本（特别是西南部）、中南美洲、伊朗北部、西非和中非以及美拉尼西亚。在日本普通人群中，HTLV-1携带率为0.1%，但在流行地区这一比例可能高达50%。据估计，每年每10000名携带者中有6人会发展为ATL。三种主要感染途径是通过母乳喂养母婴传播、性交传播和输血传播。在ATL发病前有长达40年的漫长潜伏期。高达50%的ATL患者会出现皮疹。通过检测淋巴细胞中HTLV-1前病毒DNA的单克隆整合来确诊。即使进行积极治疗，ATL患者的预后通常也很差。
