Kumar R, Cooke E C, Lader M H, Russell M A
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1977 May;21(5):520-9. doi: 10.1002/cpt1977215520.
Tobacco smoking is generally regarded as a form of nicotine dependence, but the evidence for this is slender. Two experiments are described here which examine the hypothesis that habitual smokers need nicotine and that they regulate their intakes of this drug. A laboratory test for smoking was devised which permitted the continuous monitoring of puffing as well as of selected physiologic variables; the procedure was also designed to reduce the influence of smoking habits and rituals. In the first experiment, inhaled amounts of tobacco smoke reduced subsequent ad libitum smoking in a dose-related way. In the second experiment comparable doses of nicotine were given intravenously to the same subjects, but they failed to affect ongoing smoking. However, both the inhaled and intravenous doses of the drug produced very similar physiologic effects. These experiments do not, therefore, support the nicotine-dependence hypothesis; thus the ways, if any, in which this drug sustains the tobacco-smoking habit merit further examination.
吸烟通常被视为尼古丁依赖的一种形式，但支持这一观点的证据并不充分。本文描述了两项实验，它们检验了这样一种假设：习惯性吸烟者需要尼古丁，并且会调节这种药物的摄入量。设计了一种吸烟实验室测试，该测试可以持续监测吸烟的抽吸情况以及选定的生理变量；该程序还旨在减少吸烟习惯和仪式的影响。在第一个实验中，吸入的烟草烟雾量以剂量相关的方式减少了随后的随意吸烟量。在第二个实验中，给同一组受试者静脉注射了相当剂量的尼古丁，但这些剂量并未影响正在进行的吸烟行为。然而，该药物的吸入剂量和静脉注射剂量产生了非常相似的生理效应。因此，这些实验并不支持尼古丁依赖假说；因此，这种药物维持吸烟习惯的方式（如果存在的话）值得进一步研究。
