Angiotensin II-induced tyrosine phosphorylation in mesangial and vascular smooth muscle cells.

1. Angiotensin II (AngII)-induced, activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and Ca2+-dependent Cl- channels is an important signal transduction pathway for the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) and glomerular mesangial cell contraction and growth. While AT receptors are traditionally thought to be G-protein coupled to the beta isoform of PLC, recent evidence suggests that in some tissues AT receptors may also activate the PLC-gamma isoform via tyrosine phosphorylation. 2. By western analysis, we identified PLC-gamma1 in the above cell types. We found that within 3 min of exposure to 10(-7) mol/L AngII, tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma1 was observed; however, peak response (>3-fold increase) occurred within 0.5 min. In addition, pre-incubation of these cells with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein blocked the tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma1 by AngII. In contrast, preincubation with the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor sodium vanadate increased the levels of tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma1. Similar results were found when intracellular levels of 1,4,5-IP3 were measured after AngII exposure. 3. By using patch clamp techniques on cultured rat mesangial cells exposed to AngII, we found that the release of 1,4,5-IP3-sensitive intracellular Ca2+ stores stimulated low conductance Cl- channels. Preincubation with genistein, abolished the usual 10-fold increase in Cl- channel activity observed with AngII. 4. Therefore, we conclude that in VSMC and glomerular mesangial cells (i) AngII transiently stimulates PLC activity via tyrosine phosphorylation of the gamma1 isoenzyme, (ii) tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma1 and production of 1,4,5-IP3 in response to AngII is dramatically inhibited by tyrosine kinase inhibition and stimulated by tyrosine phosphatase inhibition, (iii) activation of Ca2+-dependent Cl- channels by AngII-induced release of 1,4,5-IP3-dependent intracellular Ca2+ stores is also abolished by tyrosine kinase inhibition. In summary, this AngII-induced signal transduction cascade provides a possible mechanism for both the contractile and growth-stimulating effects of AngII on VSMC and glomerular mesangial cells.