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催产素对猪黄体的促黄体生成和溶黄体作用。

Luteotropic and luteolytic effects of oxytocin in the porcine corpus luteum.

作者信息

Wuttke W, Jarry H, Knoke I, Pitzel L, Spiess S

机构信息

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Göttingen, Germany.

出版信息

Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;395:495-506.

PMID:8714006
Abstract

The presence and the release of oxytocin (OT) by corpora lutea (CL) of a number of species (Wathes et al. 1986, Watkins and Choy 1988) including ruminants (Ivell and Richter 1984, Hirst et al. 1986, Rodgers et al. 1983, Sawyer et al. 1986), primates (Dawood and Khan-Dawood 1986, Khan-Dawood 1987, Maas et al. 1992, Khan-Dawood et al. 1993), and the pig (Pitzel et al. 1984, Einspanier et al. 1991, Jarry et al. 1992) have been amply verified. Conflicting results concerning the effects of OT on steroidogenesis have been published; the peptide has been shown to be luteotrophic (Sawyer et al. 1986, Maas et al. 1992, Jarry et al. 1990), to have no effects (Rodgers et al. 1985) or to be luteolytic (Auletta et al. 1984, Auletta et al. 1988, Pitzel et al. 1988) and it appears that this confusion is only in part due to species differences but also the age of the luteal tissue seems to be of crucial importance for the understanding of the effects of OT (Schams et al. 1983, Wuttke et al. 1993, 1994). In the present contribution we will focus largely on our results obtained in the pig and where applicable, compare them with those obtained in other species. We will thus demonstrate that OT is released by luteal cells (Jarry et al. 1990, Einspanier et al. 1991, Jarry et al. 1992) and that luteal cells have OT receptors (Sernia et al. 1989, Pitzel et al. 1993a) which mediate the effects of the peptide on steroidogenesis. Finally, we will address the question whether OT is inhibitory or stimulatory to progesterone (P) and estradiol (E2) release, and we will come to the conclusion that OT is both luteotropic and luteolytic (Wuttke et al. 1993, 1994). The CL of all species investigated so far consists of two steroidogenic cell types. The so-called large luteal cells stem from follicular granulosa cells and they appear to be barely responsive to luteinizing hormone (LH)/human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) but they are highly receptive to prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) (Hansel and Dowd 1986, Pitzel et al. 1990). Furthermore, they appear to produce OT (Rodgers et al. 1983, Theodosis et al. 1986). The small luteal cells are believed to derive from the follicular theca cells (Hansel and Dowd 1986, Pitzel et al. 1990). They are LH-receptive but synthesize few, if any, regulatory peptides. In the last few years it has become increasingly evident that cells deriving from the white blood cell line are involved in processes such as ovulation and luteolysis. Of crucial importance for the understanding of luteolysis is the morphological observation that macrophages invade the CL at the time of luteal regression (Adashi 1990, Paavola 1977, Kirsch et al. 1981).

摘要

许多物种(包括反刍动物(伊韦尔和里希特,1984年;赫斯特等人,1986年;罗杰斯等人,1983年;索耶等人,1986年)、灵长类动物(达伍德和汗 - 达伍德,1986年;汗 - 达伍德,1987年;马斯等人,1992年;汗 - 达伍德等人,1993年)以及猪(皮策尔等人,1984年;艾因斯帕尼尔等人,1991年;贾里等人,1992年))的黄体(CL)中催产素(OT)的存在及释放已得到充分证实。关于OT对类固醇生成影响的结果相互矛盾;该肽已被证明具有促黄体作用(索耶等人,1986年;马斯等人,1992年;贾里等人,1990年)、无作用(罗杰斯等人,1985年)或具有溶黄体作用(奥letta等人,1984年;奥letta等人,1988年;皮策尔等人,1988年),而且这种混淆似乎部分是由于物种差异,但黄体组织的年龄对于理解OT的作用似乎也至关重要(沙姆斯等人,1983年;武特克等人,1993年、1994年)。在本论文中,我们将主要关注在猪身上获得的结果,并在适用的情况下,将其与其他物种的结果进行比较。因此,我们将证明OT由黄体细胞释放(贾里等人,1990年;艾因斯帕尼尔等人,1991年;贾里等人,1992年),并且黄体细胞具有OT受体(塞尔尼亚等人,1989年;皮策尔等人,1993a),这些受体介导该肽对类固醇生成的作用。最后,我们将探讨OT对孕酮(P)和雌二醇(E2)释放是抑制还是刺激的问题,并且我们将得出OT既具有促黄体作用又具有溶黄体作用的结论(武特克等人,1993年、1994年)。到目前为止,所有研究的物种的黄体都由两种类固醇生成细胞类型组成。所谓的大黄体细胞起源于卵泡颗粒细胞,它们似乎对促黄体生成素(LH)/人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)反应微弱,但它们对前列腺素F2α(PGF2α)高度敏感(汉塞尔和多德,1986年;皮策尔等人,1990年)。此外,它们似乎产生OT(罗杰斯等人,1983年;西奥多西斯等人,1986年)。小黄体细胞被认为起源于卵泡膜细胞(汉塞尔和多德,1986年;皮策尔等人,1990年)。它们对LH敏感,但合成的调节肽很少,如果有的话。在过去几年中,越来越明显的是,源自白细胞系的细胞参与排卵和黄体溶解等过程。对于理解黄体溶解至关重要的是形态学观察,即巨噬细胞在黄体退化时侵入黄体(阿达希,1990年;帕沃拉,1977年;基尔希等人,1981年)。

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