Gil-Rivas V, Fiorentine R, Anglin M D
UCLA Drug Abuse Research Center, Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California, Los Angeles 90024, USA.
J Psychoactive Drugs. 1996 Jan-Mar;28(1):95-102. doi: 10.1080/02791072.1996.10471718.
Findings from a prospective, longitudinal study of 182 women and 148 men in outpatient drug abuse treatment programs indicate that women are significantly more likely than men to experience sexual and physical abuse. Sexual and physical abuse are associated with higher levels of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology. Moreover, women are more likely than men to possess an array of psychological factors that predict relapse to drug use after treatment, including low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, and suicidal behavior, among others. But contrary to expectation, PTSD is not associated with relapse to drug use, nor are women more likely than men to relapse within a six-month posttreatment interval. Further analysis indicates that while women have more psychological risk factors associated with relapse, they are more likely than men to engage in the treatment process. Engagement in treatment, notably frequent participation in group counseling, appears to mitigate the higher risk of relapse for women.
一项针对182名女性和148名男性门诊药物滥用治疗项目的前瞻性纵向研究结果表明，女性比男性更有可能遭受性虐待和身体虐待。性虐待和身体虐待与创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状的较高水平相关。此外，女性比男性更有可能拥有一系列预测治疗后复吸药物的心理因素，包括自卑、抑郁、焦虑和自杀行为等。但与预期相反，PTSD与药物复吸无关，而且在治疗后的六个月内，女性也不比男性更有可能复吸。进一步分析表明，虽然女性有更多与复吸相关的心理风险因素，但她们比男性更有可能参与治疗过程。参与治疗，尤其是频繁参加团体咨询，似乎可以减轻女性较高的复吸风险。
