Turner R J, Lloyd D A
Department of Sociology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124-0719, USA.
J Health Soc Behav. 1995 Dec;36(4):360-76.
This paper reports the community prevalence of 20 life traumas and considers their individual relevance as risk factors for psychiatric disorder. Also presented is the first evidence on the mental health significance of cumulative adversity as indexed by a count of lifetime exposure to a wide array of potentially traumatic events. The question of the importance of considering such events within efforts to assess variations in life stress is also examined. Our results demonstrate clear relationships between many traumatic events and, especially, accumulated lifetime trauma experience and both psychological distress and psychiatric disorder. That these relationships persist with temporal priority controlled - and net of the effects of parental psychopathology - suggest the causal relevance of major lifetime events and the conclusion that they represent on important dimension of increased mental health risk. From these findings and from evidence for the significance of traumas in disorder recurrence, it is contended that failure to take account of such events has resulted in the systematic underestimation of the role of stress exposure in accounting for variations in emotional distress and disorder.
本文报告了20种生活创伤的社区患病率，并探讨了它们作为精神障碍风险因素的个体相关性。同时还首次给出了证据，证明累积逆境对心理健康具有重要意义，累积逆境通过一生中接触各种潜在创伤事件的次数来衡量。本文还研究了在评估生活压力差异时考虑此类事件的重要性问题。我们的研究结果表明，许多创伤事件，尤其是累积的终生创伤经历，与心理困扰和精神障碍之间存在明显的关联。这些关联在控制了时间先后顺序以及排除了父母精神病理学影响之后依然存在，这表明重大的终生事件具有因果相关性，也表明它们代表了心理健康风险增加的一个重要维度。基于这些发现以及创伤在疾病复发中的重要性的证据，有人认为，未能考虑此类事件导致系统地低估了压力暴露在解释情绪困扰和疾病差异方面的作用。
