Gupta M, Bansal M, Gupta A, Goil P
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, SMS Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Burns. 1996 Feb;22(1):3-9. doi: 10.1016/0305-4179(95)00082-8.
An unusual and perhaps the first epidemic of burns occurred between 15 February 1994 and mid April 1994 in four districts of the State of Rajasthan in India. The cause of this epidemic was the accidental mixing of petrol in kerosene oil which was inadvertently overlooked. This mixture of kerosene and petrol was used mainly by people of low-income groups for lighting lamps. Most of the accidents occurred while pouring this highly inflammable petrol-kerosene mixture into ignited lamps. A total of 303 cases were reported: 118 of these patients sustained severe burns of whom 37 died. Small numbers of fresh cases kept occurring over a period of 2 months in spite of all efforts by the administration, because poor people kept using the fatal mixture due to ignorance and illiteracy. Most of the patients were managed at district hospitals with the help of plastic surgeons called for the purpose from Jaipur, the capital city of the affected State. A total of 40 out of 303 patients were transferred to SMS Hospital where a medical ward was vacated to manage these patients, as the 10-bed burn unit already had 300 per cent best occupancy. Most of these patients were not willing to be sent to a burn unit situated far away from their homes, but they had to be transferred because the general surgeons working at district hospitals were hesitant to manage them, not so much due to lack of training in the management of burns, but more due to lack of willingness to manage burns. This indicates the need for renewed emphasis not only of the necessity of training general surgeons, nursing and paramedical staff at district level in the management of burns, but also of the need to manage these cases at district level. This idea needs serious consideration and sincere efforts to implement it at the national level. The paper has been split into two parts: epidemiological aspects and management of patients.
1994年2月15日至1994年4月中旬，印度拉贾斯坦邦四个地区发生了一场不同寻常且或许是首例烧伤疫情。这场疫情的起因是煤油中意外混入了汽油，而这一情况被疏忽遗漏了。这种煤油和汽油的混合物主要被低收入群体用于点灯。大多数事故发生在将这种高度易燃的汽油 - 煤油混合物倒入点燃的灯中时。共报告了303例病例：其中118名患者遭受严重烧伤，37人死亡。尽管政府采取了各种措施，但在两个月的时间里仍不断有新病例出现，因为穷人由于无知和文盲继续使用这种致命混合物。大多数患者在地区医院接受治疗，救治过程中从受影响邦的首府斋浦尔召集了整形外科医生。303名患者中有40人被转至SMS医院，由于该医院10张床位的烧伤科已满负荷300%运转，因此腾出了一个内科病房来收治这些患者。这些患者中的大多数不愿意被送往离家很远的烧伤科，但他们不得不被转院，因为在地区医院工作的普通外科医生对治疗他们犹豫不决，这并非主要因为缺乏烧伤治疗培训，而是更因为不愿意处理烧伤病例。这表明不仅需要重新强调对地区层面的普通外科医生、护理人员和辅助医疗人员进行烧伤管理培训的必要性，还需要在地区层面处理这些病例。这个想法需要认真考虑并在国家层面真诚努力予以实施。本文分为两个部分：流行病学方面和患者管理。
