Goss P J, Lewontin R C
Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
Genetics. 1996 May;143(1):589-602. doi: 10.1093/genetics/143.1.589.
Regions of differing constraint, mutation rate or combination along a sequence of DNA or amino acids lead to a nonuniform distribution of polymorphism within species or fixed differences between species. The power of five tests to reject the null hypothesis of a uniform distribution is studied for four classes of alternate hypothesis. The tests explored are the variance of interval lengths; a modified variance test, which includes covariance between neighboring intervals; the length of the longest interval; the length of the shortest third-order interval; and a composite test. Although there is no uniformly most powerful test over the range of alternate hypotheses tested, the variance and modified variance tests usually have the highest power. Therefore, we recommend that one of these two tests be used to test departure from uniformity in all circumstances. Tables of critical values for the variance and modified variance tests are given. The critical values depend both on the number of events and the number of positions in the sequence. A computer program is available on request that calculates both the critical values for a specified number of events and number of positions as well as the significance level of a given data set.
沿着DNA或氨基酸序列，不同约束、突变率或组合的区域会导致物种内多态性的分布不均匀，或物种间的固定差异。针对四类备择假设，研究了五种检验拒绝均匀分布原假设的能力。所探讨的检验包括区间长度的方差；一种修正的方差检验，其中包括相邻区间之间的协方差；最长区间的长度；最短三阶区间的长度；以及一种综合检验。尽管在所检验的备择假设范围内没有统一的最强大检验，但方差检验和修正方差检验通常具有最高的功效。因此，我们建议在所有情况下使用这两种检验中的一种来检验是否偏离均匀性。给出了方差检验和修正方差检验的临界值表。临界值既取决于事件的数量，也取决于序列中的位置数量。可应要求提供一个计算机程序，该程序可计算指定事件数量和位置数量的临界值以及给定数据集的显著性水平。
