Diehl M, Coyle N, Labouvie-Vief G
Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
Psychol Aging. 1996 Mar;11(1):127-39. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.11.1.127.
Age and sex differences in the use of coping and defense strategies were examined in life-span sample of 381 individuals. Participants responded to 2 self-report measures assessing mechanisms of coping and defense and measures assessing their level of cognitive complexity. Older adults used a combination of coping and defense strategies indicative of greater impulse control and the tendency to positively appraise conflict situations. Adolescents and younger adults used strategies that were outwardly aggressive and psychologically undifferentiated, indicating lower levels of impulse control and self-awareness. Women used more internalizing defenses than men and used coping strategies that flexibly integrated intra-and interpersonal aspects of conflict situations. Taken together, findings provide evidence for the age- and sex-specific use of strategies of coping and defense, suggesting that men and women may face different developmental tasks in the process toward maturity in adulthood.
在一个由381名个体组成的全生命周期样本中，研究了应对和防御策略使用方面的年龄和性别差异。参与者对两项自我报告测量做出回应，这两项测量评估应对和防御机制以及评估他们的认知复杂性水平。老年人使用的应对和防御策略组合表明其具有更强的冲动控制能力以及积极评估冲突情境的倾向。青少年和年轻人使用的策略具有外在攻击性且心理上缺乏分化，表明冲动控制和自我意识水平较低。女性比男性更多地使用内化防御，并使用能灵活整合冲突情境中内部和人际方面的应对策略。综合来看，研究结果为应对和防御策略的年龄和性别特异性使用提供了证据，表明男性和女性在成年走向成熟的过程中可能面临不同的发展任务。
