日粮盐水平对泌乳母猪饮水量、产仔及繁殖性能的影响。

Seynaeve M, De Wilde R, Janssens G, De Smet B

Department of Animal Nutrition, Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ghent, Merelbeke, Belgium.

J Anim Sci. 1996 May;74(5):1047-55. doi: 10.2527/1996.7451047x.

During two consecutive lactations using a switch-back design, 16 sows received a corn, cassava, barley, and soybean meal diet supplemented with either 8.5 or 1 g/kg of NaCl (.4% Na or .1% Na, respectively). The average daily water consumption during the 4-wk lactation period was greater (P < .01) for the sows fed the high-salt diet than for those fed the low-salt diet (13.9 vs 12.4 L, respectively). Urine production accounted for 27% of the water intake during lactation. This resulted in a difference during the entire lactation period of 42.2 L in water consumption (P = .07) and 11.4 L in urine production (P = .07). The Na and Cl concentrations of the urine for sows fed the high-salt diet were higher than for sows fed the low-salt diet (P < .05), but the K, Mg, P, and Ca concentrations were not influenced. The milk composition, measured at d 1, 13, and 27 of lactation, was relatively independent of the dietary salt level, except for the Cl concentration at d 1 after farrowing, which was higher (P < .05) for sows fed the high-salt diet. The moisture and ash content of the milk increased with the length of the lactation, irrespective of the diet. The increased ash content on d 13 and 27 of lactation was accounted for by the increased concentrations of P and Ca. There was no effect of dietary salt level on weight change of the sow or on the growth performance of the pigs. The interval from weaning to estrus (n = 13, t = 2.48, P = .029) was shorter for sows fed the high-salt diet than for sows fed the low-salt diet (6.2 +/- 1.0 and 12.6 +/- 3.1 d, respectively). More sows were unsuccessfully mated after receiving the low-salt diet during lactation. These results indicate that a low-salt diet for lactating sows results in lower water consumption, lower urine production, and lower Na and Cl concentrations in the urine. Milk composition, weight change of the sow, and growth performance of the pigs were not altered, but reproductive failures afterward may point to a salt deficiency during lactation.

在采用交替设计的连续两个泌乳期内，16头母猪分别采食添加了8.5克/千克或1克/千克氯化钠（分别含0.4%钠或0.1%钠）的玉米、木薯、大麦和豆粕日粮。在4周的泌乳期内，采食高盐日粮的母猪平均日饮水量高于采食低盐日粮的母猪（分别为13.9升和12.4升，P < 0.01）。泌乳期间尿液生成量占饮水量的27%。这导致整个泌乳期的饮水量差异为42.2升（P = 0.07），尿液生成量差异为11.4升（P = 0.07）。采食高盐日粮的母猪尿液中的钠和氯浓度高于采食低盐日粮的母猪（P < 0.05），但钾、镁、磷和钙的浓度不受影响。在泌乳第1天、第13天和第27天测定的乳成分相对不受日粮盐水平的影响，不过产仔后第1天的氯浓度除外，采食高盐日粮的母猪该浓度更高（P < 0.05）。乳中的水分和灰分含量随泌乳期延长而增加，与日粮无关。泌乳第13天和第27天灰分含量增加是由于磷和钙浓度升高。日粮盐水平对母猪体重变化或仔猪生长性能没有影响。采食高盐日粮的母猪断奶至发情的间隔时间（n = 13，t = 2.48，P = 0.029）短于采食低盐日粮的母猪（分别为6.2±1.0天和12.6±3.1天）。泌乳期采食低盐日粮后，更多母猪配种未成功。这些结果表明，泌乳母猪的低盐日粮会导致饮水量降低、尿液生成量减少以及尿液中钠和氯浓度降低。乳成分、母猪体重变化和仔猪生长性能未改变，但随后的繁殖失败可能表明泌乳期间存在盐分缺乏。