Miyazono K
Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. 1996 Mar;107(3):133-40. doi: 10.1254/fpj.107.133.
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a family of multifunctional proteins that inhibit the growth of most cell types, and these proteins induce the deposition of extracellular matrix. TGF-beta inhibits the growth and migration of endothelial cells in vitro, but induces angiogenesis in vivo. TGF-beta belongs to a larger superfamily known as the TGF-beta superfamily, which includes activins and bone morphogenetic proteins. TGF-beta is produced as latent high molecular weight complexes from producer cells and is then activated by plasmin or thrombospondin. Latent TGF-beta binding protein (LTBP) is a component of the latent TGF-beta complex produced from platelets and many other cell types; LTBP plays an important role for the interaction of the latent TGF-beta complex with extracellular matrix components. TGF-beta binds several cell surface receptors, including type III receptor (betaglycan), endoglin, type II receptor and type I receptor. The type III receptor and endoglin are indirectly involved in the signal transduction. The Type II and type I receptors have intracellular serine/threonine kinase domains. They form a heteromeric complex after ligand binding and are most important for signal transduction; the type II receptor transactivates the type I receptor, which transduces various signals.
转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）是一类多功能蛋白质，可抑制大多数细胞类型的生长，并诱导细胞外基质的沉积。TGF-β在体外抑制内皮细胞的生长和迁移，但在体内诱导血管生成。TGF-β属于一个更大的超家族，称为TGF-β超家族，其中包括激活素和骨形态发生蛋白。TGF-β以潜在的高分子量复合物形式从产生细胞中产生，然后被纤溶酶或血小板反应蛋白激活。潜在TGF-β结合蛋白（LTBP）是血小板和许多其他细胞类型产生的潜在TGF-β复合物的一个组成部分；LTBP在潜在TGF-β复合物与细胞外基质成分的相互作用中起重要作用。TGF-β与几种细胞表面受体结合，包括III型受体（β聚糖）、内皮糖蛋白、II型受体和I型受体。III型受体和内皮糖蛋白间接参与信号转导。II型和I型受体具有细胞内丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶结构域。它们在配体结合后形成异源复合物，对信号转导最为重要；II型受体反式激活I型受体，后者转导各种信号。
