Mergler N L, Dusek J B, Hoyer W J
Exp Aging Res. 1977 Jan;3(1):49-60. doi: 10.1080/03610737708257087.
Central and incidental recall of young (Mean age=28.4) and elderly (Mean age=70.9) men and women was examined. As expected, statistically significant age differences were found for both central and incidental recall. For the eight items mean central recall (5.72) was significantly higher than mean incidental recall (2.56) at both age levels; mean incidental recall was significantly greater than chance for both age groups. Lack of an age X central/incidental interaction was interpreted as supporting a general recall deficit. No evidence was found to suggest an attentional focusing difference between young and elderly adults. Verbal labeling of the central stimuli had no effect on recall scores. Differential recall for each of eight positions of stimuli was also examined. Both age groups exhibited a spatial primacy-recency effect for central but not incidental recall. No support was obtained for an attentional interpretation of age-associated differences in learning.
对年轻（平均年龄 = 28.4岁）和年长（平均年龄 = 70.9岁）男性及女性的中心回忆和附带回忆进行了检查。正如预期的那样，在中心回忆和附带回忆方面均发现了具有统计学意义的年龄差异。对于这八个项目，两个年龄组的平均中心回忆（5.72）均显著高于平均附带回忆（2.56）；两个年龄组的平均附带回忆均显著高于随机水平。未发现年龄与中心/附带回忆的交互作用，这被解释为支持一般性回忆缺陷。没有证据表明年轻和年长成年人之间存在注意力集中差异。对中心刺激的言语标记对回忆分数没有影响。还检查了刺激的八个位置中每个位置的差异回忆。两个年龄组在中心回忆而非附带回忆方面均表现出空间首位-近因效应。未获得对与年龄相关的学习差异的注意力解释的支持。
