Grimes R M, Grimes D E, Graviss E
University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center, School of Public Health 77225-0186, USA.
Am J Infect Control. 1996 Apr;24(2):70-8; discussion 79-82. doi: 10.1016/s0196-6553(96)90002-4.
Health care workers have always been at risk for contracting tuberculosis (TB) from patients with active disease. In addition, health care workers who have active TB pose a risk for transmitting TB to patients. As a result, institutions that employ health care professionals must adopt programs to reduce the probability of transmission of TB to their employees or their patients. This article discusses the new guidelines for preventing TB issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and suggests approaches for adapting the guidelines to the needs of individual institutions. It emphasizes the importance of skin testing for early detection, correct interpretation of the tests, the approaches to determining who should be tested, and the relative frequency with which employees should be tested. It presents algorithms to assist employee health and infection control personnel in screening current and prospective employees, and in responding to positive and negative test results, and the booster effect.
医护人员一直面临着因患有活动性疾病的患者而感染结核病（TB）的风险。此外，患有活动性结核病的医护人员也存在将结核病传播给患者的风险。因此，雇佣医护专业人员的机构必须采取措施，以降低结核病传播给其员工或患者的可能性。本文讨论了疾病控制与预防中心发布的预防结核病的新指南，并提出了使这些指南适应各机构需求的方法。它强调了皮肤测试对于早期检测的重要性、测试结果的正确解读、确定应接受测试人员的方法以及员工应接受测试的相对频率。它提供了算法，以协助员工健康与感染控制人员对现有员工和未来员工进行筛查，以及对阳性和阴性测试结果做出反应，并介绍了加强效应。
