Orsillo S M, Heimberg R G, Juster H R, Garrett J
Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078, USA.
J Trauma Stress. 1996 Apr;9(2):235-52. doi: 10.1007/BF02110658.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most prevalent psychological disorder experienced by Vietnam veterans. However, there are many other disorders and problems of adjustment, like social anxiety and social phobia, that have not been fully investigated in this population. This study examined the prevalence of social phobia and the comorbidity of social phobia and PTSD, and tested out a theory of the etiology of social anxiety in trauma victims. Forty one Vietnam combat veterans were interviewed and completed self-report measures assessing PTSD and social phobia. Adversity of homecoming was also assessed. Using a conservative multi-method assessment approach, 32% of the sample were found to be positive for both social phobia and PTSD. Veterans with PTSD were significantly more likely to carry an additional diagnosis of social phobia as compared to veterans without PTSD. Adversity of homecoming and shame about one's experience in Vietnam were significant predictors of current level of social anxiety over and above the effects of pre-military anxiety and severity of combat exposure. These observations suggest that social anxiety and social phobia may be significant problems among individuals with PTSD. Further, these findings offer preliminary support for the theory that posttrauma environment may impact upon the later development of social anxiety.
创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）是越战退伍军人经历的最普遍的心理障碍。然而，还有许多其他的适应障碍和问题，如社交焦虑和社交恐惧症，在这一群体中尚未得到充分研究。本研究调查了社交恐惧症的患病率以及社交恐惧症与创伤后应激障碍的共病情况，并验证了创伤受害者社交焦虑病因的一种理论。对41名越战退伍军人进行了访谈，并完成了评估创伤后应激障碍和社交恐惧症的自我报告测量。还评估了返乡的逆境情况。采用保守的多方法评估方法，发现32%的样本社交恐惧症和创伤后应激障碍均呈阳性。与没有创伤后应激障碍的退伍军人相比，患有创伤后应激障碍的退伍军人更有可能额外被诊断为社交恐惧症。除了入伍前焦虑和战斗暴露严重程度的影响外，返乡的逆境和对自己越战经历的羞耻感是当前社交焦虑水平的重要预测因素。这些观察结果表明，社交焦虑和社交恐惧症可能是创伤后应激障碍患者中的重要问题。此外，这些发现为创伤后环境可能影响社交焦虑后期发展的理论提供了初步支持。
