Hoekman K, Vermorken J B
Department of Medical Oncology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Ann Med. 1996 Apr;28(2):175-82. doi: 10.3109/07853899609092943.
The introduction of the haematopoietic growth factors (HGFs), together with the evolution of techniques to harvest haematopoietic stem cells from the peripheral blood, have greatly facilitated the use of high-dose chemotherapy (HDC). While haematological toxicity of HDC is no longer dose-limiting, damage to other tissues has become more pronounced. In fact, nonhaematological toxicity (NHTOX) is now often dose-limiting in HDC regimens. NHTOX associated with HDC regimens depends on the type and dose of the drugs used, the physical condition and the characteristics of the patients treated and the given comedication. We describe the most important toxic effects of commonly used HDC programmes, such as nausea, vomiting, and mucositis, neutropaenic fever and sepsis, various major organ toxicities, catheter-associated problems and long-term complications. In addition, we discuss the possibilities of preventing these side-effects and what action to take if they occur.
造血生长因子（HGFs）的引入，以及从外周血中采集造血干细胞技术的发展，极大地促进了大剂量化疗（HDC）的应用。虽然HDC的血液学毒性不再是剂量限制性的，但对其他组织的损害却变得更加明显。事实上，非血液学毒性（NHTOX）现在在HDC方案中常常是剂量限制性的。与HDC方案相关的NHTOX取决于所用药物的类型和剂量、患者的身体状况和特征以及合并用药情况。我们描述了常用HDC方案最重要的毒性作用，如恶心、呕吐、黏膜炎、中性粒细胞减少性发热和败血症、各种主要器官毒性、导管相关问题以及长期并发症。此外，我们还讨论了预防这些副作用的可能性以及副作用发生时应采取的措施。
