Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase recruitment by p185erbB-2 and erbB-3 is potently induced by neu differentiation factor/heregulin during mitogenesis and is constitutively elevated in growth factor-independent breast carcinoma cells with c-erbB-2 gene amplification.

Amplification and overexpression of the c-erbB-2 gene in 21MT-2 and 21MT-1 human breast carcinoma cells results in progressively elevated levels of constitutively tyrosine-phosphorylated p185erbB-2 and is associated with progressive insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and combined IGF/epidermal growth factor (EGF) independence in culture. In addition, the neu differentiation factor/heregulins (HRGs), a family of ligands that activate p185erbB-2 through direct binding to erbB-3 or erbB-4, are potent mitogens for various nonneoplastic mammary epithelial cells and carcinoma cell lines in the absence of both IGF and EGF in culture. We have investigated the ability of ligand induction with HRGs or the constitutive activation of p185erbB-2 in the 21MT breast carcinoma cells to induced the recruitment of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) by p185erbB-2 and erbB-3. HRG was found to potently induce the recruitment of the M(r) 85,000 regulatory subunit of PI3K by phosphotyrosine proteins in both nonneoplastic H16N-2 mammary epithelial cells (which express normal c-erbB-2 levels) and in the 21MT-2 and 21MT-1 cell lines, which were all isolated from a single patient with intraductal and invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast and express c-erbB-3 but not c-erbB-4 in culture. The activation of PI3K in these cells was also associated with high-level mitogenic responsiveness to HRG, as well as the IGF/EGF-independent proliferation of the 21MT cell lines in culture. The recruitment of PI3K by phosphotyrosine protein during ligand-induced activation, or that seen constitutively in the 21MT tumor cells, did not involve detectable tyrosine phosphorylation of p85. The HRG-induced recruitment of p85 and the constitutive recruitment of p85 in the 21MT cell lines involved direct association with both p185erbB-2 and erbB-3, although greater levels were recruited directly by erbB-3. Wortmannin, a potent inhibitor of PI3K enzymatic activity, also blocked the autonomous proliferation of the 21MT cells, and this effect was reversible in long-term cultures. These data indicate that PI3K may be an especially important mediator of HRG-induced proliferation in mammary epithelial cells and is involved in the autonomous proliferation of growth factor-independent breast carcinoma cells with c-erbB-2 gene amplification.