Baeza H
Departamento de Cardiología, Hospital del Salvador, Santiago de Chile.
Rev Med Chil. 1995 Nov;123(11):1418-22.
After World War II, the interest in medical ethics increased and several international codes defending patients rights appeared. Four pragmatic, non ideological and non religious principles were defined to analyze clinical ethical problems. Autonomy, the capacity of self management and to reach our own informed decisions; the informed consent is the way to accomplish this principle. Beneficence, the basic principle of medical acts, with the risk of being transformed in an extreme paternalism. A reinterpretation of beneficence equilibrates the rights of patients physicians. Non wickedness, first of all not to harm, a Hippocratic idea to prevent iatrogenesis and Justice, to maintain personal, social and political equity. These principles are a language, an ethical analysis methodology and give clues for our relationship with patients. They are a guide for personal analysis, reflection and change and show a collective and individual path to incorporate ethics to our daily work.
第二次世界大战后，人们对医学伦理的兴趣有所增加，一些捍卫患者权利的国际准则相继出现。为分析临床伦理问题，人们定义了四条务实、非意识形态且非宗教的原则。自主性，即自我管理以及做出自主明智决策的能力；知情同意是实现这一原则的方式。有益性，这是医疗行为的基本原则，但有可能演变成极端家长式作风。对有益性的重新诠释平衡了患者与医生的权利。不伤害原则，首先是不造成伤害，这是希波克拉底式的理念，旨在防止医源性疾病；还有公正原则，即维护个人、社会和政治层面的公平。这些原则是一种语言，一种伦理分析方法，为我们与患者的关系提供线索。它们是个人分析、反思和改变的指南，展示了将伦理融入日常工作的集体和个人途径。
