Dunkelblum E, Mendel Z, Gries G, Gries R, Zegelman L, Hassner A, Mori K
Institute of Plant Protection, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel.
Bioorg Med Chem. 1996 Mar;4(3):489-94. doi: 10.1016/0968-0896(96)00030-2.
The predator Elatophilus hebraicus is closely associated with its prey, the pine bast scale, Matsucoccus josephi, and utilizes the M. josephi sex pheromone as a kairomone. Kairomonal activity of E. hebraicus was studied by GC-EAD and field bioassays. The sex pheromone of M. josephi [2E,5R,6E,8E)-5,7-dimethyl-2,6,8-decatrien-4-one [(R)-E-M.j.] elicited a strong EAD response and attracted large numbers of the predator. The sex pheromone of two allopatric Matsucoccus spp., Matsucoccus feytaudi, (3S,7R,8E,10E)-3,7,9-trimethyl-8,10-dodecadien-6-one [(S,R)-E-M.f.] and Matcucossus matsumurae, (2E, 4E,6R,10R)-4,6,10,12-tetramethyl-2,4-tridecadien-7-one [(R,R)-E-M.m.], were also EAD-active and attracted significant numbers of E. hebraicus in the forest. Increasing the lure load of (S,R)-E-M.f. and (R,R)-E-M.m., in order to compensate for their lower volatility relative to (R)-E-M.j., resulted in similar attraction of E. hebraicus to each of the three pheromones. Other Matsucoccus pheromone stereoisomers displayed no behavioral activity. There was a significant difference in the activity of sex pheromone analogues, (6E/Z,8E)-5,7-dimethyl-6,8-decadien-4-one (52% E + 48% Z, ANLG 1) and (6E/Z,8E)-2,4,6-trimethyl- 1,6,8-nonatrien-3-one (60% E + 40% Z, ANLG 2). The (E) isomer of ANLG 1 evoked a strong EAD response from E. hebraicus and the mixture of E/Z ANLG 1 attracted the predator in moderate numbers, whereas ANLG 2 was inactive both in EAD and field tests. Conversely, M. josephi males were not attracted to M. feytaudi and M. matsumurae pheromones or pheromone analogues. Cross-activity of E. hebraicus to M. feytaudi and M. matsumurae pheromones may be based on structural similarity of the compounds. Alternatively, E. hebraicus may respond specifically to the pheromones of two allopatric Matsucoccus spp. If true, kairomonal attraction of E. hebraicus to these pheromones may have evolved during speciation of Matsucoccidae and may have been preserved despite the allopatry of M. josephi, M feytaudi and matsumurae.
捕食者希伯来埃拉托蝽与其猎物约瑟夫松球蚧紧密相关，并将约瑟夫松球蚧的性信息素用作一种利它素。通过气相色谱 - 触角电位检测（GC - EAD）和田间生物测定研究了希伯来埃拉托蝽的利它素活性。约瑟夫松球蚧的性信息素[（2E，5R，6E，8E）-5,7 - 二甲基 - 2,6,8 - 癸三烯 - 4 - 酮[（R）-E - M.j.]引发了强烈的触角电位反应，并吸引了大量的捕食者。两种异域分布的松球蚧物种，费氏松球蚧的性信息素（3S，7R，8E，10E）-3,7,9 - 三甲基 - 8,10 - 十二碳二烯 - 6 - 酮[（S，R）-E - M.f.]和松村松球蚧的性信息素（2E，4E，6R，10R）-4,6,10,12 - 四甲基 - 2,4 - 十三碳二烯 - 7 - 酮[（R，R）-E - M.m.]，在气相色谱 - 触角电位检测中也具有活性，并在森林中吸引了大量的希伯来埃拉托蝽。增加（S，R）-E - M.f.和（R，R）-E - M.m.的诱芯剂量，以补偿它们相对于（R）-E - M.j.较低的挥发性，导致希伯来埃拉托蝽对这三种信息素的吸引力相似。其他松球蚧信息素立体异构体未表现出行为活性。性信息素类似物（6E/Z，8E）-5,7 - 二甲基 - 6,八碳二烯 - 4 - 酮（52% E + 48% Z，类似物1）和（6E/Z，8E）-2,4,6 - 三甲基 - 1,6,8 - 壬三烯 - 3 - 酮（60% E + 40% Z，类似物2）的活性存在显著差异。类似物1的（E）异构体引发了希伯来埃拉托蝽强烈的触角电位反应，E/Z类似物1的混合物吸引了数量适中的捕食者，而类似物2在触角电位检测和田间试验中均无活性。相反，约瑟夫松球蚧的雄虫对费氏松球蚧和松村松球蚧的信息素或信息素类似物没有吸引力。希伯来埃拉托蝽对费氏松球蚧和松村松球蚧信息素的交叉活性可能基于化合物的结构相似性。或者，希伯来埃拉托蝽可能对两种异域分布的松球蚧物种的信息素具有特异性反应。如果是这样，希伯来埃拉托蝽对这些信息素的利它素吸引可能在球蚧科物种形成过程中进化而来，并且尽管约瑟夫松球蚧、费氏松球蚧和松村松球蚧异域分布，但可能仍被保留下来。
