Mather G, Anstis S
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
Perception. 1995;24(12):1373-82. doi: 10.1068/p241373.
When a black and a white square on a grey surround exchange places, it was previously shown that on a dark surround it is the white square, and on a light surround it is the black square, that is seen in apparent motion (AM). Thus the higher-contrast square carries the AM. We now show that the same is true for second-order AM of texture-defined squares. Squares were defined by four different textures: by anisotropy (horizontal versus vertical random dashes), by alpha numeric letters, by hash marks, or by dot size. The result was that the square that differed more from the surround in texture properties carried the second-order AM. Judgments of texture salience revealed a high correlation between salience and apparent motion. In a third experiment, crossover AM between dissimilar textures was investigated, and it was found that the more salient textures carried the AM. Results cannot be explained by the concept of "texture activity', but instead indicate that the system extracts a measure of "texture contrast' prior to analysis of salience and apparent motion.
当灰色背景上的一个黑色方块和一个白色方块交换位置时，之前的研究表明，在深色背景上，是白色方块，而在浅色背景上，是黑色方块，会出现表观运动（AM）。因此，对比度较高的方块承载着表观运动。我们现在表明，对于纹理定义方块的二阶表观运动也是如此。方块由四种不同的纹理定义：通过各向异性（水平与垂直随机短线）、通过字母数字、通过井号或通过点的大小。结果是，在纹理属性上与背景差异更大的方块承载着二阶表观运动。纹理显著性的判断揭示了显著性与表观运动之间的高度相关性。在第三个实验中，研究了不同纹理之间的交叉表观运动，发现更显著的纹理承载着表观运动。结果不能用“纹理活动”的概念来解释，而是表明该系统在分析显著性和表观运动之前提取了一种“纹理对比度”的度量。
