Cordasco F A, Wolfe I N, Wootten M E, Bigliani L U
Shoulder Service, New York Orthopaedic Hospital, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 1996 May-Jun;24(3):386-92. doi: 10.1177/036354659602400323.
We used dynamic electromyography and a motion analysis system to describe the muscle firing patterns in 10 shoulder muscles and the basic kinematics of a two-handed overhead medicine ball throw. Ten healthy male subjects with no history of shoulder injury were evaluated. The two-handed medicine ball throw was divided into three phases for analysis: cocking, acceleration, and deceleration. The average duration of the throw was 1.92 seconds; the cocking phase represented 56%, the acceleration phase 15.5%, and the deceleration phase 28.5% of the throw. In the cocking phase, the upper trapezius, pectoralis major, and anterior deltoid muscles showed high activity ( > 40% to 60% maximum manual test), and the rotator cuff muscles had moderate activity ( > 20% to 40%). In the acceleration phase, five of the muscles demonstrated high levels of activity ( > 40% to 60%) and the upper trapezius and lower subscapularis muscles had very high levels of activity ( > 60%). Analysis of the deceleration phase revealed high activity in the upper trapezius muscle and moderate activity in all other muscles except the pectoralis major. Our findings support the use of medicine ball training as a bridge between static resistive training and dynamic throwing in the rehabilitation of the overhead athlete. This training technique provides a protective method of strengthening that closely simulates portions of the throwing motion.
我们使用动态肌电图和运动分析系统来描述10块肩部肌肉的肌肉放电模式以及双手过头掷药球的基本运动学。对10名无肩部损伤史的健康男性受试者进行了评估。双手掷药球被分为三个阶段进行分析：引臂、加速和减速。投掷的平均持续时间为1.92秒；引臂阶段占投掷时间的56%，加速阶段占15.5%，减速阶段占28.5%。在引臂阶段，上斜方肌、胸大肌和三角肌前部显示出高活性（最大手动测试的40%至60%以上），肩袖肌具有中等活性（20%至40%以上）。在加速阶段，五块肌肉表现出高水平的活性（40%至60%以上），上斜方肌和肩胛下肌下部具有非常高的活性（60%以上）。减速阶段的分析显示，上斜方肌活性高，除胸大肌外的所有其他肌肉活性中等。我们的研究结果支持将药球训练作为过头运动员康复中静态阻力训练和动态投掷之间的桥梁。这种训练技术提供了一种密切模拟投掷动作部分的保护性强化方法。
