Prohaska V
Department of Psychology, Lehman College, Bronx, NY 10468-1589, USA.
Memory. 1996 May;4(3):325-36. doi: 10.1080/096582196388988.
In seeking to understand the processes involved when people report temporal information from memory, two general domains have been studied: date generation and duration estimation. Both domains are combined in the present study, which establishes, first, that people have similar expectations as to the usual lengths of the temporal intervals between events, and second, that expectations about intervals affect reconstructions of event dates. Similar expectations for intervals of certain vignettes (e.g. leaving on and returning from a honeymoon) were uncovered in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, subjects read the same vignettes, but the dates used created temporal intervals that were less than, greater than, or equal to, the usual temporal intervals from Experiment 1. Subjects then recalled either one or both of the dates they had read. Results indicated that reported dates were influenced by both the dates presented and expectations based on prior knowledge.
在试图理解人们从记忆中报告时间信息时所涉及的过程中，研究了两个一般领域：日期生成和持续时间估计。本研究将这两个领域结合起来，首先确定人们对事件之间时间间隔的通常长度有相似的预期，其次确定对时间间隔的预期会影响事件日期的重建。在实验1中发现了对某些小事件（如度蜜月出发和返回）时间间隔的相似预期。在实验2中，受试者阅读相同的小事件，但所使用的日期创建的时间间隔小于、大于或等于实验1中的通常时间间隔。然后受试者回忆他们读过的一个或两个日期。结果表明，报告的日期受到所呈现日期和基于先验知识的预期的影响。
