Poppitt S D, Prentice A M
Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
Appetite. 1996 Apr;26(2):153-74. doi: 10.1006/appe.1996.0013.
This review discusses the role that dietary composition and energy density play in the control of eating behaviour. The effect of dietary manipulations of fat and carbohydrate on energy intake remains controversial. We suggest this to be largely a consequence of different study designs. When low-fat foods are included in the diet and thus only some items manipulated subsequent food choice commonly ensures compensation and energy intake remains constant. However, when all items are manipulated and macronutrient composition fixed, an alteration in the energy density results in a parallel change in energy intake and there is no energy compensation. In addition, we hypothesise that hyperphagia on high-fat diets is a consequence of a high energy density rather than fat content per se. Independent of fat content, low energy dense diets generate greater satiety than high energy dense diets, suggesting that an important regulatory signal may be the weight or volume of food consumed. Epidemiological studies confirm that energy intake increases with energy density and thus weight loss may be best achieved on a low energy dense diet. Although the use of low-fat items may not reduce intake during covert manipulation, it may be successful during periods of deliberate dieting, providing that food-substitutions are not counter-balanced by other high density items.
本综述讨论了饮食组成和能量密度在控制饮食行为中所起的作用。饮食中脂肪和碳水化合物的摄入对能量摄入的影响仍存在争议。我们认为这主要是不同研究设计的结果。当饮食中包含低脂食物，因而仅对部分食物进行操控时，随后的食物选择通常会进行补偿，能量摄入保持不变。然而，当所有食物都被操控且常量营养素组成固定时，能量密度的改变会导致能量摄入平行变化，且不存在能量补偿。此外，我们推测高脂饮食导致的摄食过量是高能量密度的结果，而非脂肪本身的含量。与脂肪含量无关，低能量密度饮食比高能量密度饮食产生更强的饱腹感，这表明一个重要的调节信号可能是所摄入食物的重量或体积。流行病学研究证实，能量摄入随能量密度增加，因此低能量密度饮食可能最有助于实现体重减轻。尽管在暗中操控期间使用低脂食物可能不会减少摄入量，但在刻意节食期间可能会成功，前提是食物替代不会被其他高密度食物抵消。
