Aigner N, König S, Fritz A
Universitäts-Klinik für Unfallchirurgie, Wien.
Unfallchirurg. 1996 May;99(5):346-50.
Bite wounds have a special position in traumatology because of their high complication rate compared to similar soft tissue wounds caused by other reasons. The authors report in a retrospective study about the results of 525 patients with bite wounds. In 98 (18.7%) cases the wounds were sutured primarily after surgical revision when there was no sign of infection. Antibiotic therapy (a combination of amoxicillin and clavulan acid) was given to 109 patients (20.8%) who had infected wounds or who were at greater risk for infection (e.g., extremely large wounds, large hematoma). Antibiograms were only made when the wounds had already been infected. The total infection rate came to 11.8%, with 5.2% infected facial bites, 11.3% lower extremity, 18.6% upper extremity and 18.8% hand bite wounds. The infection rate after primary suture was 10.2% (3.2% at the face, 18.8% at the upper extremity and 25% each in the hand and the lower extremity). The average time period from the trauma to the first medical treatment amounted to 11 h in the infected wounds and 2 h in the non-infected ones. Cat bites became infected in 37.5%, dog bites in 14.9%.
由于咬伤伤口与其他原因导致的类似软组织伤口相比并发症发生率较高，因此在创伤学中具有特殊地位。作者在一项回顾性研究中报告了525例咬伤伤口患者的治疗结果。在98例（18.7%）伤口经手术清创后无感染迹象的病例中，伤口进行了一期缝合。109例（20.8%）有感染伤口或感染风险较高（如伤口极大、有大血肿）的患者接受了抗生素治疗（阿莫西林和克拉维酸联合用药）。仅在伤口已感染时进行药敏试验。总感染率为11.8%，其中面部咬伤感染率为5.2%，下肢为11.3%，上肢为18.6%，手部咬伤伤口为18.8%。一期缝合后的感染率为10.2%（面部为3.2%，上肢为18.8%，手部和下肢均为25%）。感染伤口从受伤到首次治疗的平均时间为11小时，未感染伤口为2小时。猫咬伤感染率为37.5%，狗咬伤感染率为14.9%。
