Cardiovascular effects of increasing hemoglobin in chronic renal failure.

Partial correction of renal anemia by the use of recombinant human erythropoietin is associated with various effects on cardiovascular performance parameters. A decrease in cardiac output as well as an increase in systemic peripheral resistance have been noted and the pathogenetic basis of these changes will be discussed. Furthermore this article will focus on the potential cardiovascular consequences of prolonged correction of anemia in patients with renal failure. The literature on the clinical implications, such as left ventricular hypertrophy, peripheral arterial occlusive disease and finally patient care costs, will be discussed.