Vignetti P, Rizzuti A, Bruni L, Tozzi M C, Marcozzi P, Tarani L
V Pediatric Clinic, I University of Rome, Italy.
Int J Sports Med. 1996 Apr;17(3):239-40. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-972839.
In Ancient Greece determination of sex was made by direct observation of the all-male athletes participating in the Olympic Games. In 1966 the International Olympic Committee (I.O.C.) established that female athletes must submit to a complete physical examination before each international competition. In 1968 they further established that each female participant be granted a "Sex Passport" based upon the findings of a medical and gynaecological examination as well as chromosomal sex determination. The authors, whose department has been responsible for granting Sex Passports for more than 20 years, examined 364 female athletes aged 16 to 29 years using I.O.C. criteria. They found three chromatic-negative cases (0.8%). The present work indicates several scientific shortcomings of the current I.O.C. examination criteria, illustrates three chromatin-negative cases, their consequences and proposed a return to original criteria for examination except in doubtful cases.
在古希腊，通过直接观察参加奥运会的男性运动员来确定性别。1966年，国际奥委会（I.O.C.）规定女性运动员在每次国际比赛前必须接受全面的体格检查。1968年，他们进一步规定，根据医学和妇科检查结果以及染色体性别鉴定，为每位女性参赛者颁发“性别护照”。作者所在部门负责颁发性别护照已有20多年，他们按照国际奥委会的标准对364名年龄在16至29岁之间的女性运动员进行了检查。他们发现了3例染色质阴性病例（0.8%）。目前的研究指出了现行国际奥委会检查标准的几个科学缺陷，列举了3例染色质阴性病例、其后果，并建议除了在可疑病例中外，应恢复原来的检查标准。
