Elo I T, Preston S H
Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 1996 Jan;42(1):47-57. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(95)00062-3.
The paper examines educational differentials in adult mortality in the United States within a multivariate framework using data from the National Longitudinal Mortality Survey (NLMS). As a preliminary step we compare the magnitude of educational mortality differentials in the United States to those documented in Europe. At ages 35-54, the proportionate reductions in mortality for each one year increase in schooling are similar in the United States to those documented in Europe. The analyses further reveal significant educational differentials in U.S. mortality among both men and women in the early 1980s. Differentials are larger for men and for working ages than for women and persons age 65 and above. These differentials persist but are reduced in magnitude when controls for income, marital status and current place of residence are introduced.
本文利用美国国家纵向死亡率调查（NLMS）的数据，在多变量框架内研究了美国成年人死亡率中的教育差异。作为初步步骤，我们将美国教育死亡率差异的幅度与欧洲记录的幅度进行了比较。在35 - 54岁年龄段，美国每多接受一年教育，死亡率的相应降低幅度与欧洲记录的相似。分析进一步揭示，在20世纪80年代初，美国男性和女性的死亡率都存在显著的教育差异。男性和工作年龄段人群的差异比女性以及65岁及以上人群的差异更大。这些差异依然存在，但在引入收入、婚姻状况和当前居住地点的控制变量后，差异幅度有所减小。
