Meara Ellen R, Richards Seth, Cutler David M
Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, in Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Health Aff (Millwood). 2008 Mar-Apr;27(2):350-60. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.27.2.350.
In this paper we examine educational disparities in mortality and life expectancy among non-Hispanic blacks and whites in the 1980s and 1990s. Despite increased attention and substantial dollars directed to groups with low socioeconomic status, within race and gender groups, the educational gap in life expectancy is rising, mainly because of rising differentials among the elderly. With the exception of black males, all recent gains in life expectancy at age twenty-five have occurred among better-educated groups, raising educational differentials in life expectancy by 30 percent. Differential trends in smoking-related diseases explain at least 20 percent of this trend.
在本文中，我们研究了20世纪80年代和90年代非西班牙裔黑人和白人在死亡率和预期寿命方面的教育差异。尽管对社会经济地位较低群体的关注有所增加，投入的资金也相当可观，但在种族和性别群体内部，预期寿命方面的教育差距却在扩大，这主要是因为老年人之间的差距在扩大。除了黑人男性，25岁时预期寿命的所有近期增长都出现在受教育程度较高的群体中，使预期寿命方面的教育差异提高了30%。与吸烟相关疾病的差异趋势至少解释了这一趋势的20%。
