Karlsson J O, Toner M
Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114.
Biomaterials. 1996 Feb;17(3):243-56. doi: 10.1016/0142-9612(96)85562-1.
The technique of cryopreservation (maintenance of biological samples in a state of 'suspended animation' at cryogenic temperatures), its potential use in tissue engineering applications and current obstacles to the development of effective cryopreservation methods for tissues are reviewed. A didactic overview of the principles of cryobiology and the methodology of cryopreservation is given, with emphasis on the processes of injury to cells during freezing and thawing, and how these are related to the physicochemical and biophysical changes occurring during cryopreservation. Critical issues relevant to the application of cryopreservation methods to tissues are then addressed, including heat and mass transfer limitations in these bulk systems, intrinsic differences between isolated and cultured cells, and mechanisms of freezing injury unique to tissue systems.
本文综述了冷冻保存技术（在低温下将生物样本维持在“假死”状态）、其在组织工程应用中的潜在用途以及当前组织有效冷冻保存方法开发面临的障碍。文中对低温生物学原理和冷冻保存方法进行了教学性概述，重点介绍了冷冻和解冻过程中细胞的损伤过程，以及这些过程与冷冻保存期间发生的物理化学和生物物理变化之间的关系。随后讨论了与冷冻保存方法应用于组织相关的关键问题，包括这些大块系统中的传热和传质限制、分离细胞与培养细胞之间的内在差异，以及组织系统特有的冷冻损伤机制。
