Hafner M S, Page R D
Department of Zoology & Physiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803, USA.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1995 Jul 29;349(1327):77-83. doi: 10.1098/rstb.1995.0093.
Recent methodological advances permit a rigorous comparison of phylogenetic trees for hosts and their parasites to determine the extent to which these groups have cospeciated through evolutionary time. In cases where significant levels of cospeciation are indicated, comparison of amounts of evolutionary change that have accumulated along analogous branches in the host and parasite trees provides a direct assessment of relative rates of evolution in the two groups. For such a comparison to be meaningful, the features compared in the hosts and parasites should be genetically based, evolutionarily homologous, and should evolve in a roughly time-dependent fashion within each group. Nucleotide sequences encoding homologous genes in hosts and parasites are an ideal source of data for comparative studies of evolutionary rates. Recent studies of pocket gophers and their lice are used to illustrate the variety of questions that can be addressed through phylogenetic study of host-parasite systems.
最近的方法学进展使得对宿主及其寄生虫的系统发育树进行严格比较成为可能，从而确定这些群体在进化过程中共同物种形成的程度。在显示出显著水平的共同物种形成的情况下，比较宿主树和寄生虫树中沿类似分支积累的进化变化量，可以直接评估这两个群体的相对进化速率。为了使这种比较有意义，在宿主和寄生虫中比较的特征应该基于基因、在进化上同源，并且在每个群体中应以大致依赖时间的方式进化。编码宿主和寄生虫中同源基因的核苷酸序列是进化速率比较研究的理想数据来源。最近对囊鼠及其虱子的研究被用来阐明通过宿主 - 寄生虫系统的系统发育研究可以解决的各种问题。
